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OBJECTIVES@#To study the characteristics of amino acid metabolism in preterm infants in Guangxi, China.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 30 757 neonates who underwent the screening for inherited metabolic diseases and had negative results in Guangxi Neonatal Disease Screening Center from 2018 to 2020. Among these neonates, there were 28 611 normal full-term infants (control group) and 2 146 preterm infants (preterm birth group). According to gestational age, the preterm infants were further divided into four groups: very preterm (n=209), moderately preterm (n=307), and late preterm group (n=1 630). According to birth weight, they were divided into three groups: very low birth weight group (n=161), low birth weight group (n=1 085), and normal birth weight group (n=900). According to blood collection time, they were divided into three groups: 3-7 days group (n=1 664), 8-14 days group (n=314) and 15-28 days group (n=168). Tandem mass spectrometry was performed to measure the levels of 11 amino acids in dried blood spots, which were then compared between groups.@*RESULTS@#After adjustment for confounding factors, there were significant differences in the levels of 11 amino acids among different gestational age groups (P<0.05), and significant differences were observed in the levels of the 11 amino acids between the control group and the various preterm groups (except for citrulline and methionine in the late preterm group). There were significant differences in the levels of 11 amino acids among different birth weight groups (P<0.05). Except for ornithine, there were significant differences in the levels of other amino acids among the different blood collection time groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Gestational age, birth weight and blood collection time all affect amino acid metabolism in preterm infants in Guangxi, China. This provides a basis for the laboratory to establish the reference standard and clinical interpretation of blood amino acid levels in preterm infants, and to improve the nutritional metabolism of preterm infants.
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Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Amino Acids , China , Gestational Age , Infant, Premature , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Premature Birth , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Acetaminophen (APAP, also known as paracetamol)-induced liver injury is the leading cause of drug-induced liver injury in the world. Wuzhi Tablet (WZ, an ethanol extract of Schisandra sphenanthera) is widely used in clinical practice to protect liver function. Our previous studies have shown that pretreatment with WZ for 3 days can significantly protect against APAP-induced liver injury; however, the effect of different intervals between APAP and WZ treatment on APAP-induced liver injury remains unclear. In this study, the change in liver injury indexes, APAP metabolites, and the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes after treatment with WZ and APAP at different intervals were determined. The animal experiment was reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen University. The results show that 0 h, 0.5 h, and 2 h pretreatment with WZ significantly protected against APAP-induced liver injury in mice, as evidenced by a significant decrease in biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and malonaldehyde (MDA). WZ inhibited the metabolic activation of APAP mediated by CYP450 enzymes and reduced the formation of APAP metabolites. This study further demonstrates that pretreatment with WZ at different intervals (0 h, 0.5 h, and 2 h before APAP dosing) exerts a significant hepatoprotective effect against APAP-induced liver injury, and a single-dose of WZ inhibits the activity of CYP450 enzymes related to APAP metabolic activation, thereby protecting against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1800122.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect and safety of second-line drugs in the treatment of adult patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) through a Meta-analysis of related articles. MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Data, and VIP were searched for the articles on second-line drugs for AIH published up to December 31, 2019. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of articles, related data were extracted, and Meta-Analyst software was used to perform the Meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 22 articles were included, with 636 patients in total. The Meta-analysis showed that mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), tacrolimus (TAC), cyclosporine, and budesonide had a pooled response rate of 56.1%, 76.0%, 62.7%, and 57.3%, respectively, and their pooled incidence rates of adverse events were 22.5%, 47.4%, 48.4%, and 33.0%, respectively. The patients treated with MMF were divided into groups based on intolerance or no response to the first-line treatment, and a comparative analysis of these groups showed a relative risk of 1.965 (95% confidence interval: 1.181-3.269, I2=0.665, P=0.014). ConclusionSelection of second-line drugs for adult AIH patients should consider response rate and incidence rate of adverse reactions. Both MMF and tacrolimus are good second-line drugs, and TAC may be a better choice for patients with no response to first-line treatment.
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Retraction Note to: J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) 2019 20(3):238-252. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1800122. The authors have retracted this article (Guo et al., 2019) because some data from the original literature had not been converted to appropriate units in the paper, which resulted in deviation of the meta-analysis results. For example, for the forest plot used to examine associations between PM exposure and the risk of adverse birth outcomes, the estimates from Brauer et al. (2008), Pedersen et al. (2013), Zhao et al. (2015), and Hansen et al. (2006) were on the originally reported scales of 1 µg/m, 10 µg/m, 10 µg/m, and Inter Quartile Range, respectively. None of these estimates had been converted to 20 µg/m increase scale that was stated in the article. Similar problem exists in the analysis on associations between NO exposure and risk of adverse birth outcomes. Therefore, the results of the meta-analysis are misleading. All authors have agreed to this retraction and express their deepest apologies to the original authors, publishers, and readers.
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Several reviews have assessed the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes during pregnancy, but the results remain controversial. The objective of this study was to assess this correlation quantitatively and to explore sources of heterogeneity. We included all published case-control or cohort studies that evaluated the correlation between ambient air pollution and low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA). Analytical methods and inclusion criteria were provided on the PROSPERO website (CRD42018085816). We evaluated pooled effects and heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses (grouped by exposure period, study settings, study design, exposure types, data source, Newcastle-Ottawa quality score (NOS), and adjustment for smoking or meteorological factors) were also conducted and publication bias was examined. The risk of bias in systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool was used to evaluate the overall risk of bias in this review. Forty studies met the inclusion criteria. We observed pooled odds ratios (ORs) of 1.03–1.21 for LBW and 0.97–1.06 for PTB when mothers were exposed to CO, NO2, NOx, O3, PM2.5, PM10, or SO2 throughout their pregnancy. For SGA, the pooled estimate was 1.02 in relation to NO2 concentrations. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis decreased the heterogeneity to some extent, such as the subgroups of continuous measures (OR=0.98 (0.97–0.99), I2=0.0%) and NOS>7 (OR=0.98 (0.97–0.99), I2=0.0%) in evaluating the association between PTB and NO2. This review was completed with a low risk of bias. High concentrations of air pollution were significantly related to the higher risk of adverse birth outcomes. However, the sources of heterogeneity among studies should be further explored.
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Objective To investigate the effect of intraurethral irrigation with honeysuckle water-decoction on formation of bacterial biofilm on the surface of the catheter. Methods Eighty male patients,who had no history of catheterization and no urinary infection with negative results of urine bacterial culture,were enrolled in the study. All patients were randomly divided into 4 groups with 20 cases in each: group A (patients underwent intraurethral irrigation with honeysuckle water-decoction); group B (intraurethral irrigation with 25% PVP); group C (intraurethral irrigation with normal saline ) and group D (no intraurethral irrigation). The urethral catheters were removed at the 7th day and the bacterial biofilm on the surface of the catheter was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results SEM demonstrated uneven- distributed matrixes coated on the surface of the catheter, and bacteria adhered to the matrixes. The average thickness of biofilm in group A, B, C and D was (17.876 ±11.788)μn, (31.090±15. 006)μm,(33.716±11.927)μm, (67.762±23.588)μm, respectively. The average thickness of biofilm in group A, B, C was significantly thinner than that in group D (P<0.01), and the thickness in group A was thinner than that in group B and C (P<0.01), but there was no significance difference between group B and group C (P>0.01). Conclusions Intraurethral irrigation with honeysuckle water-decoction can effectively reduce the formation of bacterial biofilm on the surface of the catheter.